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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2686-7249-2023-2-56-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-1308</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN CULTURAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Угаритский бог Хоран: возможные сиро-ханаанейские истоки образа Медного змия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ugaritic god Ḥorān. Possible Syro-Canaanite origins of the Serpent of brass</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья В. Михайлова</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya V. Mikhailova</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nvmikh89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлова Н.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1308">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1308</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрен один из вариантов происхождения Медного змия, или Нехуштана. Следуя гипотезе о домонотеистическом происхождении образа, можно предположить, что Медный змий не являлся изначально атрибутом ЯХВЕ, а был идолом или вотивом одного из семитских божеств, связанных с врачеванием. Наиболее соответствующим по времени поклонения и общим атрибутам богом является сиро-ханаанейский Хоран, почитание которого было широко распространено в период позднего бронзового века. Являясь божеством, представляющим силы первобытного хаоса, Хоран считался создателем ядовитых змей и, возможно, сам изначально являлся драконом. Согласно известным в настоящее время клинописным текстам Угарита, Хоран являлся заклинателем, целителем и защитником от нападения змей. Также одной из важнейших функций Хорана являлась защита царской власти, дарованной богами, от недостойных. Имя божества Хорана аналогично по этимологии со словом Сараф на иврите, который в свою очередь представлялся как летающий, огнедышащий змей. В ТаНаХе сохранились следы существования Хорана в культуре евреев в виде устойчивых фразеологизмов с использованием его имени, при этом каждый раз он выступает в контексте меры праведного суда Божия: всепоглощающего и испепеляющего, как огонь, гнева, поражающего нечестивцев, но не опаляющего праведных. Все вышеперечисленное позволяет предположить достаточно древнее происхождение Медного змия и его связь с Хораном как самостоятельным божеством или духом, находящимся в служении Всевышнему.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers a variant for the origin of the Serpent of brass also known as Nehushtan. Following the hypothesis of the pre-monotheistic origin of the image, it can be assumed that the Serpent of brass was not originally an attribute of Yahve, but was an idol or votive of one of the Semitic deities associated with healing. The most appropriate god in terms of the worship time and common attributes is the Syro-Canaanite Ḥorān, whose veneration was widespread during the late Bronze Age. Being a deity representing the forces of primordial chaos, Ḥorān was considered the creator of poisonous snakes and, possibly, was originally a dragon himself. According to the currently known cuneiform texts of Ugarit, Ḥorān was a conjurer, healer and defender against snakebites. Also, one of the most important functions of Ḥorān was to protect the royal power granted by the gods from the unworthy. The name of the deity Ḥorān is etymologically close to the creature Seraph in Hebrew, which in turn was represented as a flying, fire-breathing serpent. In the Tanakh, traces of the existence of Ḥorān in the culture of the Jews are preserved in the form of stable phraseological units using his name, while each time he appears in the context of the measure of God’s righteous judgment: all-consuming and incinerating, like fire, anger, striking the wicked, but not scorching the righteous. All of the above suggests a fairly ancient origin of the Serpent of brass and its connection with the Ḥorān as an independent pagan deity or spirit in the service of the Lord.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Хоран</kwd><kwd>Угарит</kwd><kwd>Ветхий Завет</kwd><kwd>Медный змий</kwd><kwd>Сараф</kwd><kwd>KTU</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ḥorān</kwd><kwd>Ugarit</kwd><kwd>Old Testament</kwd><kwd>Serpent of brass</kwd><kwd>Seraph</kwd><kwd>KTU</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емельянов 2003 – Емельянов В.В. Ритуал в древней Месопотамии. СПб.: АзбукаКлассика, 2003 // Электронная библиотека КулЛиб. URL: https://coollib.com/b/75098/read (дата обращения 14.05.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albright, W.F. 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