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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2686-7249-2023-4-29-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-1362</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN CULTURAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ритмы зла в английской Псалтири XIV в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The rhythms of evil in the 14th century English Psalter</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майзульс</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maizuls</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Р. Майзульс</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail R. Maizuls</p><p>bld. 6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maizuls@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Майзульс М.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майзульс М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maizuls M.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1362">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1362</self-uri><abstract><p>В средневековой иконографии одно из главных свойств зла – его многоликость и изменчивость. Как мы знаем из работ по средневековой демонологии, опубликованных Александром Маховым, эта подвижность форм часто приравнивалась к беспорядку и противопоставлялась упорядоченной иерархии сакрального. Автор статьи демонстрирует, что это касалось не только демонов, но и фигур иноверцев – прежде всего, иудеев и римлян в сценах Страстей Христовых. На примере английской Псалтири Фитцуоринов, созданной в середине XIV в., он показывает, что вариации форм и цветов в фигурах демонизируемых врагов Христа нередко встраивались в ритмическую схему, которая придавала беспорядку частичную упорядоченность. Однако и на изображениях святых, в которых долго господствовала симметрия и иерархичность, постоянно вводились вариации. Они усложняли (делали более ≪живой≫) статичную композицию и вели за собой взгляд зрителя. Эти наблюдения говорят о том, что многие трансформации маркеров инаковости, которые давно отмечали исследователи, следует рассматривать не только как визуальные фигуры зла, но и как частные случаи стремления к varietas, характерного для средневековой эстетики в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In medieval iconography, one of the main properties of evil is its multiplicity and changeability. As we know from the works on medieval demonology published by Alexander Makhov, such fluidity of forms was often equated with disorder and contrasted with an orderly hierarchy of the sacred. The author demonstrates that this applied not only to demons, but also to figures of non-Christians, primarily Jews and Romans in scenes of the Passion of Christ. The author of the present article takes the case of the Fitzwarin Psalter, one of the most extraordinary manuscripts illuminated in England in the 14th century. He shows that the variations of forms and colors in the figures of demonized enemies of Christ were sometimes organized in the rhythmic sequences which gave disorder a partial ordering. However, even in images of saints, in which symmetry and hierarchy dominated for a long time, variations were constantly introduced. They complicated (made more “live”) the static composition and led the viewer’s gaze. These observations suggest that many of the transformations of markers of otherness that researchers have long noted should be seen not only as visual figures of evil, but also as particular instances of the desire for varietas characteristic of medieval aesthetics in general.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Средние века</kwd><kwd>иконография</kwd><kwd>ритм</kwd><kwd>Страсти Христовы</kwd><kwd>знаки инаковости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>iconography</kwd><kwd>rhythm</kwd><kwd>passion of Christ</kwd><kwd>signs of otherness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Майзульс 2020 – Майзульс М.Р. Стигма на лице: средневековые истоки «еврейского носа» // Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология». 2020. № 5. С. 10–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanc, O. 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