historyВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series2073-6355RSUH10.28995/2686-7249-2024-2-61-76history-1541Research ArticleКУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯSTUDIES IN CULTURAL HISTORYСократ и ФераменSocrates and TheramenesСуриковИ. Е.SurikovI. E.

Игорь Е. Суриков, доктор исторических наук, профессор

119334, Москва, Ленинский пр-т., д. 32а

125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6

Igor E. Surikov, Dr. of Sci. (History), professor

32a, Leninsky Av., Moscow, 119334

6, Miusskaya Sq., Moscow, 125047

isurikov@mail.ruИнститут всеобщей истории РАН; Российский государственный гуманитарный университетРоссияInstitute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian State University for the HumanitiesRussian Federation202421042024026176Copyright © Суриков И.Е., 20242024Суриков И.Е.Surikov I.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1541

В труде Диодора имеется свидетельство (относящееся к 404–403 г. до н. э.), которое, не имея подкрепляющих параллелей в других источниках, нередко признается недостоверным. Согласно этому автору, когда в Афинах в период режима Тридцати между Критием, лидером крайних олигархов, и Фераменом, лидером умеренных олигархов, случился конфликт, в результате которого последний был казнен, Сократ пытался (хотя и безуспешно) прийти ему на помощь. Иных данных о дружественных отношениях между философом и политиком в источниках нет. В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, почему в одном из вариантов нарративной традиции их имена оказались сближены. Ферамен удостаивался от античных авторов чрезвычайно неоднозначных оценок; часто его воспринимали как личность беспринципную, что, однако, неправомерно. Наиболее взвешенное суждение о нем находим в «Афинской политии» Аристотеля, который подчеркивает главное в политической позиции Ферамена: тот был прежде всего поборником законности, которая в конце V в. до н. э. постоянно нарушалась как демократами, так и олигархами. Но та же приверженность к неукоснительному соблюдению законов была характерна и для Сократа.

In Diodorus’ work, there is a piece of evidence (dating to 404–403 B.C.), which has no corroborating parallels in other sources and so is often considered not authentic. According to that author, when in Athens during the period of the Thirty regime a conflict occurred between Critias, the leader of extreme oligarchs, and Theramenes, the leader of moderate ones, and the latter was executed as a result of that conflict, Socrates tried (although without success) to come to his aid. There are no other data on friendly relations between the philosopher and the politician in the sources. The article considers the question why in one version of the narrative tradition their names appear to be brought together. Theramenes was conferred extraordinarily contradictory evaluations by ancient authors; he was frequently perceived as an unprincipled person, what is, however, unjustified. The most weighed judgment on him can be found in the Constitution of Athens by Aristotle who emphasizes the main feature in Theramenes’ political position: he was, first of all, a champion of lawfulness, which was constantly violated in late 5th century B.C. by both democrats and oligarchs. But an analogous commitment to rigorous observance of laws was characteristic also of Socrates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.