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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2686-7249-2025-4-105-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-1800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN CULTURAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Между истиной и нелепостью: фотографии животных в контексте таксидермических практик рубежа XIX–XX вв.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Between truth and absurdity? Turn-of-the-century taxidermists look at snapshots of animals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусарова</surname><given-names>Ксения О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusarova</surname><given-names>Ksenia O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения О. Гусарова, кандидат культурологии,</p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia O. Gusarova, Cand. of Sci. (Cultural Studies),</p><p>6, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kgusarova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гусарова К.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусарова К.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusarova K.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1800">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/1800</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются параллели между фотографией и таксидермией и проблемы рецепции моментальной фотографии как способа получения и коммуникации научных знаний профессиональным сообществом таксидермистов на рубеже XIX–XX вв. Дискуссии вокруг использования фотографических изображений в качестве визуальной опоры для изготовления чучел позволяют пролить свет на конфликт между различными подходами к визуализации природы в период господства научной парадигмы объективности, описанной в основополагающей работе Лоррейн Дастон и Питера Галисона. Как показывает статья, в равной степени приверженные идеалу объективности таксидермисты могли приветствовать расширение знаний о механике движений животных, достигаемое благодаря фотографии, или сбрасывать полученную таким образом информацию со счетов как несущественную. В статье описываются позиции каждой из сторон и анализируются факторы, способствовавшие их формированию. Споры о применимости фотографии в целом и моментальной фотографии в частности в качестве образца для изготовления чучел иллюстрируют подвижность границ и напряженные отношения между наукой и искусством, инновацией и каноном, визуальным и материальным, репрезентацией феноменов и коммуникацией их сути для широкой аудитории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers a parallel between photography and taxidermy and interrogates the attitudes to instant photography as a way of acquiring and communicating scientific knowledge by the professional community of taxidermists at the turn of the twentieth century. The debates as to whether snapshots of animals could serve as models for taxidermy shed light on the different approaches to visualization of nature in the historical period marked by the paradigm of scientific objectivity, as described in the seminal work by Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison. As the article shows taxidermists equally committed to the ideal of objectivity could welcome the increased knowledge on the mechanics of animal movements achieved through photography, or dismiss the information thus obtained as irrelevant. The article describes both positions and analyzes the influences which might have shaped them. The debate about the applicability of photography in general and instant photography in particular as a model for making stuffed animals illustrates the mobility of boundaries and the tense relationship between science and art, innovation and canon, visual and material, the representation of phenomena and communication of their essence to a wide audience.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история знания</kwd><kwd>визуальные медиа</kwd><kwd>фотография</kwd><kwd>таксидермия</kwd><kwd>материальность</kwd><kwd>объективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of knowledge</kwd><kwd>visual media</kwd><kwd>photography</kwd><kwd>taxidermy</kwd><kwd>materiality</kwd><kwd>objectivity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барт 2011 – Барт Р. Camera lucida: Комментарий к фотографии / Пер. с фр. М. Рыклина. 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