<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник РГГУ. Серия: Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2686-7249-2026-5-23-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-2140</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Дворник чипирован был и привит»: садистские стишки времен пандемии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“The street sweeper had his chip and vaccine”: children’s macabre rhymes of the coronavirus era</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-3408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария В. Гаврилова, кандидат филологических наук </p><p>125047, Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6, стр. 6</p><p>19571, Москва, пр-т Вернадского, д. 82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Gavrilova, Cand. of Sci. (Philology)</p><p>bld. 6/6, Miusskaya Square, Moscow, 125047</p><p>bld. 82, Vernadskogo Avenue, Moscow, 119571</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mariavl.gavrilova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный гуманитарный университет ; Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State University for the Humanities ; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаврилова М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/2140">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/2140</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена садистским стишкам о коронавирусе, опубликованным в социальных сетях с октября по декабрь 2020 г. Автор задается следующими вопросами: почему жанр, время активного устного бытования которого осталось в прошлом, реактуализировался во время пандемии? Кто сочинял и распространял коронавирусные стишки, какие идеи в них транслировались, и какую функцию выполняли эти тексты? Как новый социокультурный контекст и новая информационная среда повлияли на особенности жанра садистского стишка? Автор рассматривает «черный» юмор садистских стишков в свете концепций А. Дандеса, Б. Эллиса и Э. Оринга. «Классические» садистские стишки и стишки о коронавирусе рассматриваются в контексте тематически и функционально схожих «черных» шуток в англоязычном фольклоре. В литературе, посвященной мрачному юмору, описаны несколько его разновидностей: «тошнотворные шутки» (sick jokes), «юмор висельника» (gallows humor) и «шутки о катастрофах» (disaster jokes) – они могут быть представлены в текстах в разных пропорциях, формируя своеобразие юмора тех или иных фольклорных жанров. Анализ материала показывает, что, несмотря на поверхностное сходство и заимствование формул «классических» садистских стишков, коронавирусные тексты потеряли ключевые признаки жанра и превратились в шутки другого типа – с другим субъектом, объектом осмеяния и функцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to children’s macabre rhymes (sadistic rhymes) published on social media from October to December 2020. The author raises the following questions: why did a genre whose active oral tradition belongs to the past (the 1970–2000s) become reactualized during the pandemic? Who composed and disseminated these coronavirus rhymes, what ideas did they convey, and what function did these texts serve? How did the new sociocultural context and the new information environment influence the characteristics of the sadistic rhyme genre? The author examines the black humor of sadistic rhymes in light of the concepts of A. Dundes, B. Ellis, and E. Oring. Classic sadistic rhymes and coronavirus rhymes are analyzed in the context of thematically and functionally similar black jokes in Anglo-American folklore. The literature on dark humor describes several of its varieties: sick jokes, gallows humor, and disaster jokes – these may appear in texts in varying proportions, shaping the distinctive humor of particular folklore genres. An analysis of the material shows that, despite superficial similarities and the borrowing of formulas from classic sadistic rhymes, the coronavirus texts have lost key genre markers and transformed into jokes of a different type – with a different subject, target of ridicule, and function.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>садистские стишки</kwd><kwd>черный юмор</kwd><kwd>детский фольклор</kwd><kwd>коронавирус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>black humour</kwd><kwd>children’s folklore</kwd><kwd>children’s macabre rhymes</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипова и др. 2020 – Архипова А.С.*, Радченко Д.А., Козлова И.В., Пейгин Б.С., Гаврилова М.В., Петров Н.В. Пути российской инфодемии: от WhatsApp до следственного комитета // Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены. 2020. № 6. С. 231–265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipova, A.S.*, Radchenko, D.A., Kozlova, I.V., Peigin, B.S., Gavrilova, M.V. and Petrov, N.V. (2020), “Paths of the Russian infodemic: from WhatsApp to the Investigative Committee”, Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, no. 6, pp. 231–265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипова и др. 2023 – Архипова А.С.*, Радченко Д.А., Бондарьков С.В., Гаврилова М.В., Лощиц И.В., Петров Н.В., Пейгин Б.С. Фейк или правда? Как люди распространяют и проверяют слухи онлайн // Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены. 2023. № 4. С. 102–123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipova, A.S.*, Radchenko, D.A., Bondarkov, S.V., Gavrilova, M.V., Loshchits, I.V., Petrov, N.V. and Peigin, B.S. (2023), “Fake or true? How people spread and verify rumors online”, Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, no. 4, pp. 102–123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов 1992 – Белоусов А.Ф. От составителя // Школьный быт и фольклор: учебный материал по русскому фольклору / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. Таллинн: Таллин. пед. ин-т им. Э. Вильде, 1992. Ч. 1. С. 3–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov, A.F. (1992), “From the compiler”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Shkol’nyi byt i fol’klor: uchebnyi material po russkomu fol’kloru [School life and folklore: educational material on Russian folklore], Tallin. ped. in-t im. Eh. Vil’de, Tallinn, Estonia, part 1, pp. 3–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов 1995 – Белоусов А.Ф. Воспоминания Игоря Мальского: «Кривое зеркало действительности»: к вопросу о происхождении «садистских стишков» // Лотмановский сборник. Т. I. М.: ИЦ Гарант, 1995. С. 681–692.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov, A.F. (1995), “Memoirs of Igor Malsky: ‘A crooked mirror of reality’: on the question of the origin of ‘sadistic rhymes’”, in Lotmanovskii sbornik [Lotman collection], vol. 1, Izdatel’skii tsentr Garant, Moscow, Russia, pp. 681–692.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов 1996 – Белоусов А.Ф. Возникновение «садистских стишков»: предыстория фольклорного жанра // Мир детства и традиционная культура. М.: ГРЦРФ, 1996. С. 87–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov, A.F. (1996), “The emergence of ‘sadistic rhymes’: prehistory of a folklore genre”, in Mir detstva i traditsionnaya kul’tura [The World of Childhood and Traditional Culture], Gosudarstvennyi respublikanskii tsentr russkogo fol’klora, Moscow, Russia, pp. 87–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов 1998 – Белоусов А.Ф. «Садистские стишки» / Предисл. и публ. А.Ф. Белоусова // Русский школьный фольклор. От «вызываний» Пиковой Дамы до семейных рассказов / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. М.: Ладомир: АСТ-ЛТД, 1998. С. 545–577.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov, A.F. (1998), “Sadistic rhymes”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Russkii shkol’nyi fol’klor. Ot “vyzyvanii” Pikovoi Damy do semeinykh rasskazov [Russian school folklore: from summoning the Queen of Spades to family stories], Ladomir, AST-LTD, Moscow, Russia, pp. 545–577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусов 1999 – Белоусов А.Ф. Фольклорная судьба «электрика Петрова» // Studia materica et poetica: Сб. памяти П.А. Руднева / Сост. А.К. Байбурин, А.Ф. Белоусов. СПб.: Академический проект, 1999. С. 304–308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov, A.F. (1999), “Folklore fate of ‘electrician Petrov’ ”, in Bayburin, A.K. and Belousov, A.F. (comps.), Studia materica et poetica: Sbornik pamyati P.A. Rudneva [Studia materica et poetica: collection in memory of P.A. Rudnev], Akademicheskii proekt, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 304–308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисов 1993 – Борисов С.Б. Эстетика «черного юмора» в российской традиции // Из истории русской эстетической мысли. СПб.: Образование, 1993. С. 139–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov, S.B. (1993), “Aesthetics of ‘black humour’ in the Russian tradition”, in Iz istorii russkoi esteticheskoi mysli [From the history of Russian aesthetic thought], Obrazovanie, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 139–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власова 2006 – Власова А.А. Жанровый инвариант и его модификации в фольклоре и литературе (на материале «садистских стишков»): Автореф. … канд. филол. наук. Тверь: Твер. гос. ун-т, 2006. 168 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cancelas-Ouviña, L.-P. (2021), “Humor in Times of COVID-19 in Spain: Viewing Coronavirus Through Memes Disseminated via WhatsApp”, Frontiers in Psychology, available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucia-Pilar-Cancelas-Ouvina/publication/350563160_Humor_in_Times_of_COVID-19_in_Spain_Viewing_Coronavirus_Through_Memes_Disseminated_via_WhatsApp/links/6066259c458515614d2b6bf7/Humor-in-Times-of-COVID-19-in-Spain-Viewing-Coronavirus-Through-MemesDisseminated-via-WhatsApp.pdf (Accessed 9 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова 2020 – Гаврилова М.В. Водка, сода и чеснок: «народные» лекарства против страхов // Фольклор и антропология города. 2020. Т. III. № 1–2. С. 224–260. URL: https://ufajournal.ranepa.ru/jour/issue/viewIssue/12/20 (дата обращения 17 апреля 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherednikova, M.P. (1995), “The ‘little boy’ in the context of the new myth”, in Mir detstva i traditsionnaya kul’tura: sbornik nauchnykh trudov i materialov [World of childhood and traditional culture: collection of scientific works and materials], Gosudarstvennyi respublikanskii tsentr russkogo fol’klora, Moscow, Russia, vol. 1, pp. 60–72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова 2026 – Гаврилова М.В. Стать ужасом полянки: как российские дети играли «в пандемию» // Живая старина. 2026. № 2 (в печати).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chłopicki, W. and Brzozowska, D. (2021), “Sophisticated humor against COVID-19: the Polish case”, HUMOR, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 201–227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дандес 2003а – Дандес А. (совместно с Т. Хаушильдом) Анекдоты Освенцима / Пер. и коммент. А.А. Панченко // Дандес А. Семиотика и/или психоанализ: Сб. ст. М.: Вост. лит., 2003. С. 178–188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davies, C. (1999), “Jokes on the death of Diana”, in Walter, T. (ed.), The Mourning for Diana, Berg, Oxford, UK, pp. 253–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дандес 2003b – Дандес А. Цикл анекдотов о мертвых младенцах / Пер. М.С. Неклюдовой, коммент. А.С. Архиповой // Дандес А. Семиотика и/или психоанализ: сб. ст. М.: Вост. лит., 2003. С. 163–177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dundes, A. (1987a), Cracking Jokes: Studies of Sick Humor Cycles and Stereotypes, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучегура 2000 – Кучегура Л.А. Специфика смеха в современном детском стихотворном фольклоре: Автореф. … канд. филол. наук. Челябинск: Челябинский гос. ун-т, 2000. 130 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dundes, A. (1987b), “At ease, disease – AIDS jokes as sick humor”, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 72–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лурье 1992 – Лурье М.Л. О школьной скабрезной поэзии // Школьный быт и фольклор: учебный материал по русскому фольклору / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. Таллинн: Таллин. пед. ин-т им. Э. Вильде, 1992. Ч. 1. С. 151–161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dundes, A. (2003), “The dead baby joke cycle”, Neklyudova, M.S. (trans.) and Arkhipova, A.S.* (comm.), in Dundes, A. Semiotika i/ili psikhoanaliz: sbornik statei [Semiotics and/or psychoanalysis: collected articles], Vostochnaya literatura, Moscow, Russia, pp. 163–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лурье 1998 – Лурье М.Л. Пародийная поэзия школьников // Русский школьный фольклор. От «вызываний» Пиковой Дамы до семейных рассказов / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. М.: Ладомир: АСТ-ЛТД, 1998. С. 430–518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dundes, A. (with Hauschild, T.) (2003), “Auschwitz jokes”, Panchenko, A.A. (trans. and comm.), in Dundes, A. Semiotika i/ili psikhoanaliz: sbornik statei [Semiotics and/ or psychoanalysis: collected articles], Vostochnaya literatura, Moscow, Russia, pp. 178–188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лурье 2006 – Лурье М.Л. Садистский стишок в контексте городской фольклорной традиции: детское и взрослое, общее и специфическое // Антропологический форум. 2006. № 6. С. 287–309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis, B. (1991), “The last thing... said: The Challenger disaster jokes and closure”, International Folklore Review, vol. 8, pp. 110–124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысков 2003 – Лысков А. О систематизации «садистских стишков» // Парадигмы: сб. статей молодых филологов / Отв. ред. Ю.В. Доманский. Тверь: Тверской гос. ун-т, 2003. С. 83–92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis, B. (2019), “Making a big apple crumble: the role of humor in constracting a global response to disaster”, Urban Folklore and Anthropology, vol. 2 (1–2), pp. 27–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мутина 2005 – Мутина А.С. «Катится изюминка…»: современный русский детский фольклор Удмуртии. Ижевск: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы, 2005. 592 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fialkova, L. (2001), “Chornobyl’s folklore: Vernacular commentary on nuclear disaster”, Journal of Folklore Research, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 181–204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неёлов 1996 – Неёлов Е.М. Черный юмор «садистских стишков»: детский бунт кромешного мира // Мир детства и традиционная культура / Сост. И.Е. Герасимова. М.: Гнозис, 1996. С. 100–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilova, M.V. (2020), “Vodka, soda and garlic: ‘folk’ remedies against fears”, Folklore and Urban Anthropology, vol. 3, no. 1–2, pp. 224–260, [Online], available at: https://ufajournal.ranepa.ru/jour/issue/viewIssue/12/20 (Accessed 17 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Немирович-Данченко 1992 – Немирович-Данченко К.К. Наблюдения над структурой «садистских стишков» // Школьный быт и фольклор: учебный материал по русскому фольклору / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. Таллинн: Таллин. пед. ин-т им. Э. Вильде, 1992. Ч. 1. С. 124–138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilova, M.V. (2026), “Becoming the horror of the clearing: how Russian children played ‘the pandemic’ ”, Zhivaya starina, no. 2, pp. [forthcoming].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новицкая 1992 – Новицкая М.Ю. Формы иронической поэзии в современной детской фольклорной традиции // Школьный быт и фольклор: учебный материал по русскому фольклору / Сост. А.Ф. Белоусов. Таллинн: Таллин. пед. ин-т им. Э. Вильде, 1992. Ч. I. С. 100–124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James, A.B. (2014), “Humour as resistance: Disaster humour in post-9/11 United States”, European Journal of Humour Research, vol. 2–3, pp. 28–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новицкая, Райкова 2002 – Новицкая М.Ю., Райкова И.Н. Детский фольклор и мир детства // Детский фольклор / Сост. М.Ю. Новицкая, И.Н. Райкова. М.: Русская книга, 2002. С. 49–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchegura, L.A. (2000), Specifics of laughter in modern children’s poetic folklore, Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, Chelyabinsk, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осорина 1999 – Осорина М.В. Секретный мир детей в пространстве взрослых. СПб.: Питер, 1999. 277 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipman, S. (1991), Laughter in hell: The use of humor during the Holocaust, Jason Aronson Northvale, NJ, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Райкова 2004 – Райкова И.Н. Современная ироническая поэзия детей и подростков (записи конца XX – начала XXI в.) // Актуальные проблемы полевой фольклористики. М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 2004. Вып. 3. С. 248–255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lur’e, M.L. (1992), “On school scabrous poetry”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Shkol’nyi byt i fol’klor: uchebnyi material po russkomu fol’kloru [School life and folklore: educational material on Russian folklore], Tallin. ped. in-t im. Eh. Vil’de, Tallinn, Estonia, part 1, pp. 151–161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеева, Уварова 2021 – Сергеева Ю.М., Уварова Е.А. Юмор как инструмент социального взаимодействия в эпоху глобальных катастроф (на материале Интернет-мемов на тему COVID-19) // Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики. 2021. № 4 (43). С. 132–141. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yumor-kak-instrument-sotsialnogo-vzaimodeystviya-vepohu-globalnyh-katastrof-na-materiale-internet-memov-na-temu-covid-19 (дата обращения 13 февраля 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lur’e, M.L. (1998), “Parodic poetry of schoolchildren”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Russkii shkol’nyi fol’klor. Ot “vyzyvanii” Pikovoi Damy do semeinykh rasskazov [Russian school folklore: from summoning the Queen of Spades to family stories], Ladomir, AST-LTD, Moscow, Russia, pp. 430–518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трыкова 1997 – Трыкова О.Ю. Современный детский фольклор и его взаимодействие с художественной литературой. Ярославль: Яросл. гос. пед. ун-т им. К.Д. Ушинского, 1997. 132 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lur’e, M.L. (2006), “Sadistic rhyme in the context of urban folklore tradition: children’s and adults’, general and specific”, Anthropological Forum, no. 6, pp. 287–309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чередникова 1995 – Чередникова М.П. «Маленький мальчик» в контексте нового мифа // Мир детства и традиционная культура: Сб. науч. тр. и материалов. Т. 1. М.: ГРЦРФ, 1995. С. 60–72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyskov, A. (2003), “On the systematization of ‘sadistic rhymes’ ”, in Domansky, Yu.V. (ed.), Paradigms: collection of articles by young philologists, Tverskoi gosudarstvennyi universitet, Tver’, Russia, pp. 83–92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эллис 2019 – Эллис Б. Большой яблочный пирог: роль юмора в глобальном ответе на катастрофу / Пер. А. Кирзюк // Фольклор и антропология города. 2019. Т. II (1–2). С. 27–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGraw, A.P., Warren, C. and Williams, L.E. (2014), “The rise and fall of humor: Psychological distance modulates humorous responses to tragedy”, Social Psychological and Personality Science, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 566–572.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancelas-Ouviña 2021 – Cancelas-Ouviña, L.-P. Humor in Times of COVID-19 in Spain: Viewing Coronavirus Through Memes Disseminated via WhatsApp // Frontiers in Psychology. 2021. Т. 12. Ст. 611788. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lucia-Pilar-Cancelas-Ouvina/publication/350563160_Humor_in_Times_of_COVID-19_in_Spain_Viewing_Coronavirus_Through_Memes_Disseminated_via_WhatsApp/links/6066259c458515614d2b6bf7/Humor-in-Times-of-COVID-19-in-Spain-Viewing-Coronavirus-Through-Memes-Disseminated-via-WhatsApp.pdf (дата обращения 9 апреля 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutina, A.S. (2005), “Katitsya izyuminka…”: sovremennyi russkii detskii fol’klor Udmurtii [“A raisin is rolling...”: modern Russian children’s folklore of Udmurtia], Udmurtskii institut istorii, yazyka i literanury, Izhevsk, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chłopicki, Brzozowska 2021 – Chłopicki W., Brzozowska D. Sophisticated humor against COVID-19: the Polish case // HUMOR. 2021. Vol. 34. № 2. Р. 201–227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neelov, E.M. (1996), “Black humor of ‘sadistic rhymes’: children’s revolt of the nether world”, in Gerasimova, I.E. (comp.), World of childhood and traditional culture, Gnozis, Moscow, Russia, pp. 100–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davies 1999 – Davies C. Jokes on the death of Diana // The Mourning for Diana / Ed. by T. Walter. Oxford: Berg, 1999. Р. 253–268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemirovich-Danchenko, K.K. (1992), “Observations on the structure of ‘sadistic rhymes’”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Shkol’nyi byt i fol’klor: uchebnyi material po russkomu fol’kloru [School life and folklore: educational material on Russian folklore], Tallin. ped. in-t im. Eh. Vil’de, Tallinn, Estonia, part 1, pp. 124–138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dundes 1987a – Dundes A. Cracking Jokes: Studies of Sick Humor Cycles and Stereotypes. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1987. 198 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novitskaya, M.Yu. (1992), “Forms of ironic poetry in the modern children’s folklore tradition”, in Belousov, A.F. (comp.), Shkol’nyi byt i fol’klor: uchebnyi material po russkomu fol’kloru [School life and folklore: educational material on Russian folklore], Tallin. ped. in-t im. Eh. Vil’de, Tallinn, Estonia, part 1, pp. 100–124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dundes 1987b – Dundes A. At ease, disease – AIDS jokes as sick humor // American Behavioral Scientist. 1987. Vol. 30. № 3. Р. 72–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novitskaya, M.Yu. and Raikova, I.N. (2002), “Children’s folklore and the world of childhood”, in Novitskaya, M.Yu. and Raikova, I.N. (comps.), Detskii fol’klor [Children’s folklore], Russkaya kniga, Moscow, Russia, pp. 49–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis 1991 – Ellis B. The last thing... said: The Challenger disaster jokes and closure // International Folklore Review. 1991. Vol. 8. P. 110–124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oring, E. (1987), “Jokes and the discourse of disaster”, The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 100, no. 397, pp. 276–286.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fialkova 2001 – Fialkova L. Chornobyl’s folklore: Vernacular commentary on nuclear disaster // Journal of Folklore Research. Vol. 38. № 3. 2001. P. 181–204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osorina, M.V. (1999), Sekretnyi mir detei v prostranstve vzroslykh [The secret world of children in the space of adults], Piter, St. Petersburg, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James 2014 – James A.B. Humour as resistance: Disaster humour in post-9/11 United States // European Journal of Humour Research. 2014. Vol. 2–3. P. 28–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raikova, I.N. (2004), “Modern ironic poetry of children and adolescents (recordings from the late 20th – early 21st centuries)”, in Aktual’nye problemy polevoi fol’kloristiki [Current issues of field folklore studies], Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta, Moscow, Russia, issue 3, pp. 248–255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipman 1991 – Lipman S. Laughter in hell: The use of humor during the Holocaust. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1991. 279 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ridanpää, J. (2020), “Crisis and humorous stories: laughing at the times of COVID-19”, Literary Geographies, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 296–301, [Online], available at: https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/29296/nbnfi-fe202102175189.pdf?sequence=1 (Accessed 9 Apr 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGraw et al. 2014 – McGraw A.P., Warren C. and Williams L.E. The rise and fall of humor: Psychological distance modulates humorous responses to tragedy // Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2014. Vol. 5. № 5. P. 566–572.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sebba-Elran, T. (2021), “A pandemic of jokes? The Israeli COVID-19 meme and the construction of a collective response to risk”, HUMOR, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 229–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oring 1987 – Oring E. Jokes and the discourse of disaster // The Journal of American Folklore. 1987. Vol. 100. № 397. P. 276–286.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeeva, Yu.M. and Uvarova, E.A. (2021), “Humor as a tool of social interaction in periods of global disasters (on the material of Internet memes devoted to the COVID-19 pandemic)”, Actual Issues of Modern Philology and Journalism, no. 4 (43), pp. 132–141, [Online], available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yumorkak-instrument-sotsialnogo-vzaimodeystviya-v-epohu-globalnyh-katastrof-namateriale-internet-memov-na-temu-covid-19 (Accessed 13 Feb 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ridanpää 2020 – Ridanpää J. Crisis and humorous stories: laughing at the times of COVID-19 // Literary Geographies. 2020. Vol. 6. № 2. P. 296–301. URL: https://oulurepo.oulu.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/29296/nbnfi-fe202102175189.pdf?sequence=1 (дата обращения 9 апреля 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simons, E.R. (1986), “The NASA joke cycle: The astronauts and the teacher”, Western Folklore, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 261–277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sebba-Elran 2021 – Sebba-Elran T. A pandemic of jokes? The Israeli COVID-19 meme and the construction of a collective response to risk // HUMOR. 2021. Vol. 34. № 2. P. 229–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smyth, W. (1986), “Challenger jokes and the humor of disaster”, Western Folklore, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 243–260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simons 1986 – Simons E.R. The NASA joke cycle: The astronauts and the teacher // Western Folklore. 1986. Vol. 45. № 4. Р. 261–277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trykova, O.Yu. (1997), Sovremennyi detskii fol’klor i ego vzaimodeistvie s khudozhestvennoi literaturoi [Modern children’s folklore and its interaction with fiction], Yaroslavskii gosudarstvennyi pedagogicheskii universitet im. K.D. Ushinskogo, Yaroslavl, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smyth 1986 – Smyth W. Challenger jokes and the humor of disaster // Western Folklore. 1986. Vol. 45. № 4. P. 243–260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasova, A.A. (2006), Genre invariant and its modifications in folklore and literature (based on “sadistic rhymes”), Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, Tverskoi gos. Universitet, Tver, Russia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zandberg 2006 – Zandberg E. Critical laughter: humor, popular culture and Israeli Holocaust commemoration // Media, Culture &amp; Society. 2006. Vol. 28. № 4. P. 561–579.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zandberg, E. (2006), “Critical laughter: humor, popular culture and Israeli Holocaust commemoration”, Media, Culture &amp; Society, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 561–579.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
