<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2073-6355-2018-7-56-81</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-559</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VISUAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«И увидел Бог свет, что он хорош»: Персонификации света в западноевропейской иконографии Сотворения мира (XI-XIII вв.): происхождение и трансформации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“And God saw the light, that it was good”: Personifications of Light Western European Iconography of the Creation (11-13 centuries)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожидаева</surname><given-names>Анна В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozhidaeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат искусствоведения, доцент; </p><p>г. Москва, 127051, Старая Басманная ул., д. 21/4, стр. 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">apojidaeva69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Research University Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пожидаева А.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пожидаева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pozhidaeva A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/559">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/559</self-uri><abstract><p>Иконография Сотворения мира так называемого римского типа в Италии XI-XIII вв. и за ее пределами во многом восходит к утраченным фрескам базилики Сан-Паоло-Фуори-ле-Мура (середина V в.) иеще нескольким раннехристианским традициям, в том числе традиции Генезиса лорда Коттона и Пентатевха Ашбернхема. На примере изменений иконографии отдельного элемента этой схемы - персонификации Света в сцене первого дня Творения - автор намечает возможные пути восстановления облика утраченного образца и дальнейших иконографических заимствований из других ранних традиций. В статье рассмотрен вопрос об устойчивости отдельных элементов композиции «римского типа» - наличия сияния славы, его формы и цвета, атрибутов. Результатом сравнительного анализа нескольких групп памятников становится тезис о взаимовлиянии и взаимозамене двух пар второстепенных элементов композиции - Света и Тьмы и Солнца и Луны, одновременно присутствующих в сценах так называемого римского типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Iconography of Creation of the World of so-called “roman type” in 11th -13th cent. Italy and in Northern Europe in many ways goes to lost frescoes of San Paolo Fuori le Mura (middle of 5th cent) and to several early-Christian traditions, including traditions of Genesis of Lord Cotton and Pentateuch of Ashburnham. By the example of iconographical changings of one detail of that pattern - personification of Light in the First day of Creation - the author outlines possible ways for restoring an appearance of the missing specimen and following iconographical borrowings from the earlier traditions. The article considers a question of sustainability for every part of “roman-type” composition - presence of glory radiance, its form and color, variations of attributes.The result of comparison of several images results in a conclusion about the mutual impact and replacement of two pairs of second-line elements in composition - the Light and Darkness and the Sun and Moon, being simultaneously being present in the so-called “roman-type” compositions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>христианская иконография</kwd><kwd>искусство Западного Средневековья</kwd><kwd>персонификации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Christian iconography</kwd><kwd>art of Western Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>personifications</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessler H. The Illustrated Bibles from Tours (Studies in Manuscript Illumination). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. 157 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessler H. The Illustrated Bibles from Tours (Studies in Manuscript Illumination). Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1977. 157 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orofino G. Bibbie atlantiche. Struttura del testo e del racconto nel Libro ‘riformato’, in Medioevo // Immagine e racconto: Atti del IV Convegno Internazionale di studi; a cura di A. C. Quintavalle. Milano: Electa, 2004. P. 253-264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orofino G. Bibbie atlantiche. Struttura del testo e del racconto nel Libro ‘riformato’, in Medioevo. V: Immagine e racconto. Atti del IV Convegno Internazionale di studi, a cura di A. C. Quintavalle. Milano: Electa Publ.; 2004. р. 253-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander J.J.G. Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Works. New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1992. 214 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander JJG. Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Works. New Haven, London: Yale Univ. Press, 1992. 214 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пожидаева А.В. «Сотворение мира»: Раннехристианские традиции иконографии сюжета в западноевропейском искусстве // Искусствознание. 2007. № 3-4. С. 252-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pozhidaeva A. Creation of the World. Early Christian Traditions of Iconography in Western Christian Art. Iskousstvoznaniye. 2007;3-4:252-91. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waetzold J. Die Kopien des 17. Jahrhunderts nach Mosaiken und Wandmalereien im Rom. Munich: Schroll, 1964. 85 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waetzold J. Die Kopien des 17. Jahrhunderts nach Mosaiken und Wandmalereien im Rom. Munich: Schroll Publ.; 1964. 85 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassan E. Barberini Francesco // Enciclopedia dell’arte medievale, 1992. URL: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-barberini_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Medievale%29/ (дата обращения 1.09.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassan E. Barberini Francesco. Enciclopedia dell’arte medievale [Internet] 1992. (data obrashcheniya 1 sept. 2017); URL: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/francesco-barberini_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Medievale%29/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Meulen J. Schoepfer, Schoepfnung. // Kirschbaum E. et al. Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. 8 vol. Rome: Herder, 1976. Vol. 4. P. 99-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Meulen J. Schoepfer, Schoepfnung. V: Kirschbaum E. et al. Lexikon der christlichen Ikonographie. Rome: Herder Publ.; 1968-76. Vol. 4. р. 99-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zahlten J. Creatio mundi. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1979. 347 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zahlten J. Creatio mundi. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta Publ.; 1979. 347 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weitzmann K., Kessler H. The Cotton Genesis: (British Library Codex Cotton Otho B VI). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. 250 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weitzmann K., Kessler H. The Cotton Genesis: (British Library Codex Cotton otho B VI). Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1986. 250 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weitzmann K., Bernabo M. The Byzantine octateuchs. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. 404 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weitzmann K., Bernabo M. The Byzantine octateuchs. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1999. 404 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowden J. The octateuchs. A Study in Byzantine Manuscript Illustration. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992. 140 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lowden J. The octateuchs. A Study in Byzantine Manuscript Illustration. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1992. 140 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verkerk D. Early Medieval Bible Illumination and the Ashburnham Pentateuch. Chapel Hill: Cambridge Academ, 2004. 272 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verkerk D. Early Medieval Bible Illumination and the Ashburnham Pentateuch. Chapel Hill: Cambridge Academ Publ.; 2004. 272 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire H. Earth and ocean: The Terrestrial World in Early Byzantine Art. London: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987. XIV; 109 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire H. Earth and ocean: The Terrestrial World in Early Byzantine Art. Univ. Park; London: Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, 1987. XIV; 109 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabar A. L’iconographie du ciel dans l’art chrétien de l’antiquité et du haut moyen âge // Cahiers archeologiques. 1982. Vol. 30. p. 5-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabar A. L’iconographie du ciel dans l’art chrétien de l’antiquité et du haut moyen âge. Cahiers archeologiques. 1982;30:15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessler H.L. Hic homo formatur. The Genesis frontispieces of the Carolingian Bibles // Art Bulletin. 1971. Vol. 8. P. 143-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15 Kessler HL. Hic homo formatur. The Genesis frontispieces of the Carolingian Bibles. Art Bulletin. 1971;8:143-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertelli G. Il ciclo pittorico della grotta // La grotta del Peccato originale a Matera. La gravina, la grotta, gli affreschi, la cultura materiale. Bari: Adda, 2013. P. 67-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertelli G. Il ciclo pittorico della grotta. La grotta del Peccato Originale a Matera. La gravina, la grotta, gli affreschi, la cultura materiale. Bari: Adda Publ.; 2013. р. 67-126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matthiae G. Pittura romana del Medioevo. Vol. 2 (sec. XI-XIV). Roma: Fratelli Palombi, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matthiae G. Pittura romana del Medioevo. Vol. 2 (sec. XI-XIV). Roma: Fratelli Palombi Publ.; 1988.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andaloro M. La pittura medievale a Roma, 312-1431. Vol. 1. Milano: Jaca Book, 2006. 325 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andaloro M. La pittura medievale a Roma 312-1431. Vol. 1. Milano: Jaca Book, 2006. 325 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilotta M.A. La Réforme grégorienne et ses programmes iconographiques: le cas des peintures murales de l’ancien Palais des Papes du Latran à Rome et leur rapport avec l’illustration des Bibles atlantiques // Les Bibles atlantiques. Le manuscrit biblique à l’époque de la réforme de l’église du XIe siècle / N. Togni (dir.). Firenze: SISMEL-Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2016. P. 135-154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilotta MA. La Réforme grégorienne et ses programmes iconographiques: le cas des peintures murales de l’ancien Palais des Papes du Latran à Rome et leur rapport avec l’illustration des Bibles atlantiques. Togni N., dir. Les Bibles atlantiques. Le manuscrit biblique à l’époque de la réforme de l’église du XIe siècle. Firenze: SISMEL–Edizioni del Galluzzo Publ.; 2016. р. 135-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessler H.L. An Eleventh-Century Ivory Plaque from South Italy and the Cassinese Revival // Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen. 1966. Vol. 8. P. 67-95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessler HL. An Eleventh-Century Ivory Plaque from South Italy and the Cassinese Revival. Jahrbuch der Berliner Museen. 1966;8:67-95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pace V. Una bibbia in avorio. Arte mediterranea nella Salerno dell’XI secolo. Milano: ITACA, 2016. 208 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pace V. Una bibbia in avorio. Arte mediterranea nella Salerno dell’XI secolo. Milano: ITACA Publ.; 2016. 208 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Contessa A. Between Art, Faith and Science. The concept of Creation in the Ripoll and Roda Romanesque Bibles // Iconographica. 2007. Issue 6. P. 19-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contessa A. Between Art, Faith and Science. The concept of Creation in the Ripoll and Roda Romanesque Bibles. Iconographica. 2007;6:19-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzi M.P. Chiese rupestri a Matera. Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2015. 120 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzi MP. Chiese rupestri a Matera. Vaticano: Libreria Editrice Vaticana Publ.; 2015. 120 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heimann A. The Six Days o Creation in a XII century manuscript // Journal of the Warburg ant Courteau Institute. 1938. No. 1. P. 269-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heimann A. The Six Days o Creation in a XII-century manuscript. Journal of the Warburg ant Courteau Institute. 1938;1:269-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheller R.W. Exemplum. Model-Book Drawings and the Practice of Artistic Transmission in the Middle Ages (ca. 900 - ca. 1470). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1995. 434 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheller RW. Exemplum. Model-Book Drawings and the Practice of Artistic Transmission in the Middle Ages (ca. 900 – ca. 1470). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press, 1995. 434 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мuller M.E. Introduction // The Use of models in medieval book painting / M. E. Müller (ed.). Cambrige: Cambrige Scholars, 2014. P. I-XXX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мuller ME. Introduction. V: Müller ME., ed. The Use of models in medieval book painting. Cambrige: Cambrige Scholars Publ.; 2014. р. I–XXX.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geymonat L.V. Drawing, Memory and Imagination in the Wolfenbüttel Musterbuch // Mechanisms of Exchange: Transmission in Medieval Art and Architecture in the Mediterranean, ca. 1000-1500 / H. Grossman, A. Walker (eds.). Leiden, Boston: MA : Brill, 2012. P. 220-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geymonat LV. Drawing, Memory and Imagination in the Wolfenbüttel Musterbuch. V: Grossman H., Walker A., ed. Mechanisms of Exchange: Transmission in Medieval Art and Architecture in the Mediterranean, ca. 1000–1500. Leiden, Boston: MA: Brill Publ.; 2012. р. 220-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пожидаева А.В. Цикл Творения в западноевропейском искусстве XI - начала XIII в.: опыт иконографической генеалогии: дис. … канд. искусствоведения. М.: МГУ, 2008 (глава 2). URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/tsikl-tvoreniya-v-zapadnoevropeiskom-iskusstve-xi-nachala-xiii-vvopyt-ikonograficheskoi-gen (дата обращения 30.08.2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pozhidaeva A. The Cycle of Creation in Western European Art of 11th – early13th cent. The Essay of Iconographic Genealogy [dis. … kand. iskusstvovedeniya Internet] Moscow University (MGU); 2008, chap. 2. [data obrashcheniya 30 Aug. 2018] URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/tsikl-tvoreniya-v-zapadnoevropeiskom-iskusstve-xi-nachala-xiii-vv-opyt-ikonograficheskoi-gen (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
