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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">history</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ВЕСТНИК РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология»</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6355</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSUH</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28995/2686-7249-2020-5-87-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">history-809</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КУЛЬТУРНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDIES IN CULTURAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформации базилики Санта Кристина в Больсене: от почитаемой гробницы до места евхаристического чуда</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformations of the Santa Christina basilica in Bolsena. From the worshipped tomb to the plaсe of Eucharistic miracle</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожидаева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozhidaeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна В. Пожидаева, кандидат искусствоведения, доцент</p><p>105066, Москва, ул. Старая Басманная, д. 21/4, стр. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Pozhidaeva, Cand.of Sci. (Art history), associate professor</p><p>bldg. 3, bld. 21/4, Staraya Basmannaya Str., Moscow, 105066 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apojidaeva69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пожидаева А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пожидаева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pozhidaeva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/809">https://history.rsuh.ru/jour/article/view/809</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена эволюции комплекса культовых зданий, сформировавшегося в Больсене (Лаций) первоначально вокруг могилы раннехристианской мученицы Кристины, а со второй половины XIII в. – вокруг места евхаристического чуда 1263 г., и связанной с ней эволюцией форм почитания сакральных локусов и связанных с ними реликвий. Начиная с середины III в. в Новых Вольсиниях местом притяжения паломников становится нижний катакомбный комплекс, где находится почитаемая гробница. Центр застройки постепенно смещается вниз, к югу, и уже к VII в. первая христианская церковь Новых Вольсиний в здании форумской базилики оказывается заброшена в пользу нынешней так называемой «Малой церкви», высеченной в скале вокруг гробницы Кристины. Базилика св. Кристины упоминается как одна из 79 остановок на пути в Рим по Виа Францигена в «итинерарии» епископа Кентерберийского Сигерика в 990 г. В 1077 г. в связи с большим притоком паломников отстраивается так называемая «Большая церковь», а к началу XII в. оформляется переход от Малой к Большой церкви в виде крытого коридора. Однако предполагаемая кража мощей Кристины франками-паломниками на пути в святую землю в 1099 г. оставляет Больсену без чтимой реликвии. Ситуация меняется в конце лета 1263 г., когда в Больсене происходит евхаристическое чудо с кровоточащей гостией и запятнанным корпоралом. Однако совершившийся за полтора столетия до этого переход Больсены в ведение епископа Орвьето предопределяет и судьбу этой реликвии – она немедля перенесена в столицу диоцеза. Дальнейшая судьба комплекса базилики св. Кристины в конце XV – XVIII в. Заключается в постепенном возвращении базилике утраченного статуса несколькими способами: топографическим разделением почитания двух святых локусов (гробницы святой и алтаря Чуда) и их новым обустройством, предложением паломникам «альтернативных» корпоралу святынь-свидетелей Чуда (эволюция экспонирования мраморных плит, обагренных кровью из гостии) и, наконец, получением в 1815 г. разрешения на ношение одной из плит в процессии Corpus Domini по образцу аналогичного ношения корпорала в Орвьето.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is dedicated to the evolution of the religious building’s complex that was formed firstly in Bolsena (Latium) around the tomb of Christina, early-Christian martyr, and from the second half of the 13th century – around the place of Eucharistic miracle of 1263. Also the author studies the evolution of ways of veneration of those sacred places and relics connected to them. Starting from the middle of the 3rd century, the lower catacomb complex in Volsinii Novae, where the worshipped tomb is located, began to attract pilgrims. The built up area center was gradually shifted down towards the south, and by the 7th century the first Volsinii Novae Christian church, located in the building of the forum basilica, was abandoned in favor of the so called “Small Church”, cut in the rock around Christina’s tomb. Saint Christina’s basilica was mentioned as one of the 79 stops on the way to Rome by Via Francigena in the itinerarium belonging to the bishop of Canterbury Sigeric in 990. In 1077 due to large pilgrim influx the “Big Church” was rebuilt and by the beginning of 12th century passage from the Small Church to the Big was designed in the form of covered corridor. But the supposed theft of Christina’s relics by the French pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land in 1099 left Bolsena without the worshipped hallows. The situation changes in the end of the summer 1263 because of the Eucharistic miracle with bleeding Host and stained corporal in Bolsena. However, the Bolsena passing under the control of the Bishop of Orvieto, which has taken place a century and a half earlier, also foredoomed the fate of that relic – it was immediately moved to the diocese capital. Starting from the end of 15th till the 18th centuries saint Christina’s basilica complex was gradually returning its lost status. The saint’s tomb and the altar of The Miracle were topographically separated. The pilgrims were offered some shrines “alternative” to the corporal (the sacred objects witnessing the Miracle – by new mode in exhibiting marble slabs, stained with the Host blood). Finally, in 1815 the permission was obtained to carry one of the slabs in the Corpus Domini procession as the corporal in Orvieto used to be carried.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сакральные локусы</kwd><kwd>архитектура Италии</kwd><kwd>почитание реликвий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Sacred Locuses</kwd><kwd>Italian Architecture</kwd><kwd>Veneration of Relics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краутхаймер 2000 – Краутхаймер Р. Три христианские столицы: Топография и политика. М.: О-во историков архитектуры; СПб.: Алетейя, 2000. 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castiglia, G. and Menghini, C. (2015), “Il culto di Santa Cristina lungo la via Cassia: ipotesi per una rete devozionale”, in Santa Cristina in Caio. 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