Language phenomena affectable by the category of the person

Abstract

The article deals with the language entities: lexemes, phraseological units grammar categories syntactic constructions that can change their meanings in the speech situation when they are related to the category of person. That means that the nuances, meanings or connotations can emerge when they concern the Speaker or the Hearer. The article reveals such changes when it goes about evaluation – the sense of appreciation or disgust. In fact some lexemes or phraseological units are hardly possible when used with the first person, e.G. Ya krasotka (‘I am a beauty’). Still the pragmatic studies make it possible to reveal the intentions that appear by such usage. There can be sarcasm, but also remorse and some other intentions that are analyzed in this article. The same analysis is provided for the usage of lexemes and phraseological units in the context of the 2^nd Person i/e/ connected with the Hearer. Not only negative but also positive evaluation is taken into consideration. Some cases of evaluation implemented into grammar categories are also analyzed/ These are forms of the Conditional Mood expressing wish (the meaning of Optative). The difference between evaluation expressed by the basic meaning of lexemes and grammemes and that in connotations is revealed. The conclusion is formulated about the cultural specifics of evaluation expressed by connotations that emerge in some pragmatic contexts connected with the Speaker and the Hearer.