On the relationship between the concepts of phenomenon and noumenon in modern sociology

Abstract

The article analyzes the meanings of the studied processes and phenomena. It is shown that modern sociology is limited mainly to traditional approaches, which are based on the analysis of phenomena – obvious, relatively simply interpreted concepts. It is shown that with all the variety of methodological orientations and methodological techniques, sociological research is mainly aimed at identifying, using and taking into account indicators of the life world, which are expressed through knowledge, opinion, needs, motives, value orientations, interests and other components of public consciousness, as well as such behavioral shares as deeds and actions. A prominent place is occupied by the phenomena of the macro-, meso- and microenvironment. With this approach, these components of the life world appear as phenomena perceived in experience, as objects of sensory contemplation, as a product of empirical knowledge. The conclusion is substantiated that such an approach seriously limits the possibilities of cognition. A transition to the use of the “noumenon” category is required, which makes it possible to reveal the intelligible, latent essence of phenomena and processes, which becomes apparent as a result of study, comprehension and contemplation. In this regard, the essence and content of the noumenon are determined, its ascent from the phenomenon is revealed, as well as its use in the study of social reality – the life world of people, social groups and communities of the modern world.