The unity of the carnival and theological principles (beginnings) of I.S. Turgenev’s “Spring waters” in light of M.M. Bakhtin’s methodology

Abstract

A work of verbal art is the unity of the visible compositional and invisible architectonic system. The first system is the external level, the second is the internal. Often the external speech structure of a prose work is associated with a comic folk laughter carnivalized beginning (one of the main features of a novel according to Bakhtin), and the internal one is associated with a deeply personal theological beginning. The first part of the article deals with to the description of a holistic model of the hero’s salvation, which is manifested in the parable basis of the work. The second part reveals the living basis of the hero’s personality – the value center of architectonics – and is associated with the commedia dell’arte embodied in the work. The disclosure of the living personality of the hero occurs in the work in four phases and ends with the heroine’s phrase “I have brought the real one”. The carnival principle is a gradually manifested polyphonic principle in a person in his loving desire for another.