Preview

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series

Advanced search

Anglo-Saxon and old Norse language contacts: diglossia or bilingualism?

https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-3-217-247

Abstract

The question of linguistic contacts between the population of the British Isles and the Vikings who conquered it over a thousand years ago is complicated by the fact that the majority of old English texts are written in the Wessex dialect. However the analysis of old English sources (the manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the treatises of King Alfred the Great, the description of Ohthere’s voyage) and old Norse sagas enables it to be shown that in the 9-11th centuries both dialects could be mutually understandable. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the co-existence of old English and old Norse in the British Isles before the Norman Conquest cannot be described either as diglossia or as bilingualism

About the Author

Inna Matyushina
Russian State University for the Humanities
Russian Federation


References

1. Two of the Saxon Chronicle Parallel with supplementary extracts from the others. In 2 vols. / J. Earle. (ed. with introduction notes, appendices, and glossary). Oxford, 1865. Vol. 1. 457 p.

2. Мельникова Е.А. Укрощение неукротимых: договоры с норманнами как способ их интеграции в инокультурных обществах // Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики. 2008. № 2 (32). C. 12-26.

3. Kershaw P. The Alfred-Guthrum Treaty: Scripting Accommodation and Interaction in Viking Age England // Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries / D.M. Hadley, J.D. Richards (eds.). Turnhout: Brepols, 2000. Р. 43-64.

4. Dumville D.N. Wessex and England from Alfred to Edgar. Essays on Political, Cultural, and Ecclesiastical Revival. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1992. 234 p. (Studies in Anglo-Saxon History 3).

5. Fell C. Some questions of Language // Lund N. Two Voyagers at the Court of King Alfred / Fell C.E. (transl.). York: William Sessions Limited, 1984. P. 56-63.

6. Sharpe R. The prefaces of Quadripartitus // Law and government in medieval England and Normandy: Essays in honour of Sir James Holt / G. Garnett, J. Hudson (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Р. 148-172.

7. Wormald P. Quadripartitus // Law and government in medieval England and Normandy: Essays in honour of Sir James Holt / G. Garnett, J. Hudson (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. P. 111-147.

8. Гаспаров М.Л. Поэзия вагантов // Поэзия вагантов. М.: Наука, 1975. С. 421-514.

9. Гаспаров М.Л. Место латинской литературы в литературе XI-XIII вв. // История всемирной литературы: В 8 т. М.: Наука, 1984. Т. 2. С. 499-503.

10. King Alfred’s West-Saxon version of Gregory’s Pastoral care. Hatton and Cotton Manuscripts. Early English Text Society: In 2 vols. / H. Sweet (ed., transl.). Oxford, 1871. Vol. 1.

11. Asser’s Life of King Alfred / W.H. Stevenson (ed.). Oxford, 1959. 386 p.

12. Alfred the Great: Asser’s Life of King Alfred and other Contemporary Sources / Keynes S., Lapidge M. (eds.). London: Penguin Books, 1983. 368 р.

13. Waite G. Old English Prose Translations of King Alfred’s Reign. Annotated Bibliographies of Old and Middle English Literature VI. Bognor Regis: Boydell & Brewer, 2000. P. 38-42.

14. Tristram H.L.C. Ohthere, Wulfstan und der Aethicus Ister // Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und Deutsche Literatur. 1982. Bd. 3. S. 153-168.

15. Мельникова Е.А. Древнескандинавские географические сочинения. М.: Наука, 1986. 232 с.

16. Глазырина Г.В. Бьярмия. Формирование литературного образа // Славяне и их соседи. Этнопсихологические стереотипы в Средние века. Чтения памяти В.Д. Корлюка. Тезисы докладов. М., 1990. С. 17-20.

17. Глазырина Г.В. Исландские викингские саги о Северной Руси. Тексты, перевод, комментарий. (Выпуск свода «Древнейшие источники по истории Восточной Европы»). М., 1996. 236 с.

18. Джаксон Т.Н. Исландские королевские саги о Восточной Европе. Тексты, перевод, комментарий. 2-е изд. М., 2012. 779 с.

19. Джаксон Т.Н. Русский Север в древнескандинавских сагах // Культура Русского Севера. Л., 1988. С. 58-67.

20. Глазырина Г.В., Джаксон Т.Н. Русский Север в древнескандинавской письменности: отечественная историография вопроса о локализации Бьярмии // История и культура Архангельского Севера. Вологда, 1986. С. 62-64.

21. Pritsak O. The Origin of Rus’ I. Old Scandinavian Sources other than the Sagas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981. 926 р.

22. McCormick M. Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce A.D. 300-900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 1101 р.

23. Townend M. Language and History in Viking Age England: Linguistic Relations between Speakers of old Norse and old English. (Studies in the Early Middle Ages). Turnhout, 2002. 248 р.

24. Whitelock D. The prose of Alfred’s reign // Continuations and Beginnings: Studies in old English Literature / E.G. Stanley (ed.). London: Nelson, 1966. P. 67-103.

25. Englert A. Ohthere’s Voyage seen from a nautical angle // Ohthere’s Voyages. A late 9th Century Account of Voyages along the Coasts of Norway and Denmark and its Cultural Context (Maritime Culture of the North) / A. Englert, J. Bately (eds.). Roskilde, 2007. P. 117-129.

26. Bately J., Stanley E.G. Ohthere and Wulfstan in the old English Orosius // Ohthere’s Voyages. A late 9th Century Account of Voyages along the Coasts of Norway and Denmark and its Cultural Context (Maritime Culture of the North) / A. Englert, J. Bately (eds.). Roskilde, 2007. P. 18-39.

27. Odenstedt B. Who was Wulfstan? A New Theory of “Ohthere’s and Wulfstan’s Voyages” // Studia Neophilologica. 1994. Vol. 66. P. 147-157.

28. Egils saga SkallaGrímssonar. Sigurður Nordal gaf út. Íslenzk fornrit. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska fornritafélag, 1933. Bd. 2. 319 p.

29. Сага об Эгиле. Исландские саги / пер. на русский язык С.С. Масловой-Лашанской, В.В. Кошкина и А.И. Корсуна. М.: ГИХЛ, 1956. С. 61-251.

30. Sturluson S. Haraldar saga hárfagra // Heimskringla / Bjarni Aðalbjarnason gaf út. Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag, 1941. Bd. 26. Bls. 28-59. (Íslenzk Fornrit, Bd. 26-28).

31. Снорри Стурлусон. Круг Земной / изд. подгот. А.Я. Гуревич, Ю.К. Кузменко, О.А. Смирницкая, М.И. Стеблин-Каменский; отв. pед. М.И. Стеблин-Каменский. М.: Наука, 1980. 687 c.

32. Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu // Borgfirðinga sögur: Hœnsa-Þóris saga. Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu. Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa. Heiðarvíga saga. Gísls þáttr Illugasonar / Sigurður Nordal, Guðni Jónsson (gáfu út). Reykjavík, 1972. Bls. 51-107. (Íslenzk fornrit).

33. Сага о Гуннлауге // Корни Иггдрасиля / сост. О.А. Смирницкая. М.: Теrra, 1997. 640 c.

34. Townend M. Pre-Cnut Praise-Poetry in Viking Age England // The Review of English Studies. New Series. 2000. Vol. 51 (203). P. 349-370.

35. Vries J. de. Altnordische Literaturgeschichte. Berlin; Leipzig: Walter De Gruyter, 1964. Bd. I. 575 s.

36. Гуревич Е.А. Исландские пряди. М.: Наука, 2016. 1104 с.

37. Gade K.E. Fang and Fall: Two Skaldic termini technici // Journal of English and Germanic Philology. 1991. Vol. 90. P. 361-374.

38. Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar // Heimskringla / B. Aðalbjarnarson (gaf út). Reykjavík: Hið Íslenzka Fornritafélag, 1941. Bd. 26. Bls. 94-149. (Íslenzk Fornrit, Bd. 26-28).

39. Сага о Харальде Суровом // Снорри Стурлусон. Круг Земной / пер. А.Я. Гуревича; изд. подгот. А.Я. Гуревич, Ю.К. Кузменко, О.А. Смирницкая, М.И. Стеблин-Каменский; отв. pед. М.И. Стеблин-Каменский. М.: Наука, 1980. 687 c.

40. Barlow F. The Godwins. The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Harlow: Longman, 2002. 141 p.

41. The Сarmen de Hastingae Proelio of Guy bishop of Amiens / F. Barlow (ed. and transl.). Oxford, 1999. 55 p. +xciii. (Oxford Medieval Texts).

42. The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers / R.H.C. Davis, M. Chibnall (ed. and transl.). Oxford, 1998. 248 p. (Oxford Medieval Texts).

43. William of Jumièges. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni / E.M.C. van Houts (ed.). In 2 vols. Oxford, 1995. Vol. 2. 345 p.

44. William of Malmesbury. Gesta Regum Anglorum / R.A.B. Mynors, R.M. Thomson, M. Winterbottom (eds.). Oxford, 1998. Vol. 1. 912 p.

45. Baugh A.C., Cable Th. A History of the English Language. 3rd revised edition. London: Routledge, 1978.

46. Townend M. Viking Age England as a Bilingual Society // Cultures in contact: Scandinavian settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth centuries / D.M. Hadley, J.D. Richards (eds.). Turnhout: Brepols, 2000. P. 89-105.

47. Fellows-Jensen G. Bursting the Bounds of the Danelaw // Towns ans Topography. Essays in memory of David Hill / G.R. Owen-Crocker, S.D. Thompson (eds.). Oxford; Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2014. P. 85-92.

48. Burnley D. Lexis and Semantics // The Cambridge History of the English Language: In 6 vols. / N. Blake (ed.). Vol. 2: 1066-1476. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. P. 409-499.

49. Kastovsky D. Semantics and Vocabulary // The Cambridge History of the English Language: In 6 vols. / R.M. Hogg (ed.). Vol. 1: From Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. P. 290-407.

50. Thim St. Phrasal Verbs: The English Verb-Particle Construction and its History. Berlin; Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2012. 302 p.

51. Смирницкий А.И. Древнеанглийский язык. М., 1998. 318 c.

52. Расторгуева Т.А. История английского языка: Учебник. М.: Высшая школа, 1983. 347 с.


Review

For citations:


Matyushina I. Anglo-Saxon and old Norse language contacts: diglossia or bilingualism? RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series. 2018;(3-2):217-247. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-3-217-247

Views: 554


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 2073-6355 (Print)