Interactivity and interpassivity of gamers in video game practices
https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-8-112-133
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to modern video game practices (idle games, achievement spam games, playbour) developed primarily in the segment of free-to-play games. over the course of the last several years the development of the video game industry facilitated the expansion of such concepts as “video game” or “video game practice” to the point of including some objects that may seem to contradict the traditional views regarding what a game is. As Illustrative examples there are self-playing games that require little to no action from a user (idle games), and also video games that suggest deliberately non-engaging and laborious tasks to the users with an intention to give them an incentive to pay extra for having these tasks done by the game itself (fee-to-pay games, playbour).
In order to give an explanation to the aforementioned phenomena, game scholars employed the concept of interpassivity developed by R. Pfaller and S. Žižek. By suggesting to regard the delegation of passivity to the other (suffering through the other) along with the delegation of activity (acting through the other) as mutually complement ways of constituting subjectivity Pfaller and Žižek established a language of description for an array of practices emerged during the digital era. By employing this concept in analyzing idlegames S. Fizek proved its applicability in the field of game studies. Based on her conclusions, in this paper we will make an attempt is made to employ the concept of interpassivity for explaining other modern video game practices.
About the Author
Maksim A. Podval’nyiRussian Federation
postgraduate student;
bld. 6, Miusskaya sq., Moscow, 125993
References
1. Molesworth M., Denegri-Knott J. The Pleasures and Practices of Virtualised Consumption in Digital Spaces [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/06276.33335.pdf
2. Molesworth M. How many headshots you’ve done: Achievement as discursive practice in videogame play [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/09287.15285.pdf
3. Kayali F., Schuh J. Retro Evolved: Level Design Practice exemplified by the Contemporary Retro Game [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/11313.03271.pdf
4. Magnussen R. Learning Games as a Platform for Simulated Science Practice [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/06278.37511.pdf
5. Hung C. Video games in context: An ethnographic study of situated meaning-making practices of Asian immigrant adolescents in New York City [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/07312.06116.pdf
6. Lammes S. The map as playground: Locationbased games as cartographical practices [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/11310.35282.pdf
7. Hajinejad N., Sheptykin I., Grüter B., Worpenberg A., Lochwitz A., oswald D., Vatterrott H. Casual mobile gameplay – on integrated practices of research, design and play [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/11301.00075.pdf
8. Reynolds R. MMos as Practices [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/07311.51541.pdf
9. Wiemker M. Cultures of Digital Gamers: Practices of Appropriation [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/07312.07417.pdf
10. Coppock P., Meneghelli A., Compagno D., Catania A., Ferri G. Understanding Play Practices: Contributions to the State of the Art [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/09287.28049.pdf
11. Fizek S. “Idle” Games to Display: From Interactivity to Interpassivity: Proceedings from the conference DiGRA UK, University of Salford, MediaCity UK, 2017. [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.academia.edu/34782440/Idle_Games_to_Display._From_Interactivity_to_Interpassivity
12. Caillois R. Games and people; Articles and essays on the sociology of culture. Moscow: oGI, 2007. 304 p. (Natsiya i kul’tura / Nauchnoe nasledie: Antropologiya)
13. Fron J., Fullerton T., Morie J., Pearce C. The Hegemony of Play [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.digra.org/wp-content/uploads/digital-library/07312.31224.pdf
14. Sterling J. Fee-to-Pay, a new name for a hot new business model! [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.destructoid.com/fee-to-pay-anew-name-for-a-hot-new-business-model--243301.phtml
15. Sterling J. Games Should Not Cost $60 Anymore [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.thejimquisition.com/games-should-not-cost-60-anymore-the-jimquisition/
16. Fizek S. Self-playing Games: Rethinking the State of Digital Play. A talk held at the Philosophy of Computer Games conference, 28 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2017. Kraków, Poland. [Internet] [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018] https://gamephilosophy2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/12/fizek_self-playing-games_pcg2017.pdf
17. Manovich L. on totalitarian interactivity [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://manovich.net/index.php/projects/on-totalitarian-interactivity
18. Manovich L. The language of new media. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2001. 354 p.
19. Zizek S. Interpassive subject [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.ruthenia.ru/logos/kofr/2002/2002_10.htm
20. Eco U. How to Write a Diploma Thesis. Humanitarian disciplines. Methodical textbook. 2nd ed. Moscow: Knizhnyi dom “Universitet”, 2003. 240 p.
21. Baudrillard J. System of things. Moscow: Rudomino, 2001. 220 p.
22. Fizek S. Interpassivity and the Joy of Delegated Play in Idle Games [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://gamephilosophy2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/fizek_interpassivity-and-the-joy-of-delegated-play_draft.pdf
23. Dreeps’ official web-page. Just set the alarm to start the adventure! [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://dreeps.net
24. Fizek S. All work and no play. Are games becoming the factories of the future? [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/8496433
25. Kucklich J. Precarious Playbour: Modders and the Digital Games Industry [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://five.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-025-precarious-playbour-modders-and-the-digital-games-industry/
26. Shokrizade R. Monetizing Children [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/RaminShokrizade/20130620/194429/Monetizing_Children.php
27. Shokrizade R. Secrets of F2P: Threat Generation [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/RaminShokrizade/20151005/255285/Secrets_of_F2P_Threat_Geeration.php
28. Terranova T. “Free Labor”. [Internet] In Digital Labour: the Internet as Playground and Factory. New York: Routledge. 264 p. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018] URL: http://web.mit.edu/schock/www/docs/18.2terranova.pdf
29. Takahashi D. The DeanBeat: This player spent $2 million in a mobile game. Then he led a boycott [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://venturebeat.com/2016/10/14/the-deanbeat-this-player-spent-2-million-in-a-mobilegame-then-he-led-a-boycott/
30. Shokrizade R. Whales Do Not Swim in the Desert [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/RaminShokrizade/20150929/254816/Whales_Do_Not_Swim_in_the_Desert.php
31. Shokrizade R. The Rise of Game Neuroeconomics [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/RaminShokrizade/20141202/230756/The_Rise_of_Game_Neuroeconomics.php
32. Hyllard K. Activision Badges – The original Gaming Achievement [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2013/10/26/activision-badges-the-original-gaming-achievement.aspx
33. Thomasson M. Activision Patches [Internet]. [data obrashcheniya 16 Mar. 2018]. URL: http://www.gooddealgames.com/articles/Activision_Patches.html
Review
For citations:
Podval’nyi M.A. Interactivity and interpassivity of gamers in video game practices. RSUH/RGGU Bulletin: “Literary Teory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies”, Series. 2018;(8):112-133. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2018-8-112-133