The article considers the types of relations in adnominal nonprepositional phrases in the Russian language of the 18th century. Nouns and corresponding adjectives with the suffix -ij-, which were found in the most ancient Old Slavonic and Old Russian monuments, were compared (B<b>ozhii, vrazhii, rabii). The databases of the National Corpus of the Russian Language were used, which allowed for the inclusion in the study a variety of contexts that had not previously been described by scientists. It determined the relevance and novelty of the research. The article identifies types of relations in non-prepositional adnominal phrases: affiliation relations, comparisons, subject and object relations, etc., while the predominance of constructions with a possessive adjective with the suffix -ij- over constructions with a dependent noun in genitive case conditioned to the Old Russian tradition is noted. As well as the correlation between the expression of subject-object relations and the type of construction is observed. So, if in combinations with a possessive adjective with the suffix -ij-, the subject relations prevail, then in constructions with a dependent noun in genitive case – prevalence is with the object relations, which continues the tradition represented in Old Russian monuments of the 16th – 17th centuries. At the same time, it is demonstrated that nouns in geniive case denoting persons (both singly and as part of combinations of complex syntactic structure) were actively used during the 18th century, not only under the influence of Western European translated works (it can clearly be traced to the middle and end of the century), but also Church Slavonic texts.
The paper provides an overview of the patterns of compounding in new words that appeared in the period 2023 – early 2025. Hyphenated and merged classes of compounds are distinguished in the analysis. There are both traditional patterns (with an interfix, with abbreviations, hyphenated composites) and borrowed ones (composites, contaminations) among them. The terms composite and morphoid are discussed. Two types of contamination are identified, for which the terms fusion (“sliyanie”) and superposition (“nalozhenie”) are proposed. It is shown that among the new compounds, composites make up the largest share, including borrowings, calques, and words based on Russian and loaned components. Following the pilot survey of students, the author evaluates the possibilities of interpreting new words based on their structure. It is noted that the influx of new words has decreased compared to the pandemic years.
Russian feminine ethnonyms are typically formed using the suffix -k(a)-: nemets – nemka, armenin – armianka, tajik – tajikchka. However, several dozen such terms feature the suffix -ank(a)/-enk(a)/-yank(a): grek – grechanka, frantsuz – frantsuzhenka. The article describes the generating process of such a formant, which emerged at the turn of the 18th – 19th centuries. It demonstrates that featurig such suffix in modern feminine ethnonyms results from two distinct processes. Some words are formed directly with its help including rare and optional forms like vepsyanka (from veps). Others were originally formed with the standard suffix -k(a)- from ethnonyms that were subsequently replaced by a short variant – for example, cherkeshenka derives from the attested but now obsolete cherkeshenin, which was displaced by the shorter synonym cherkes. The study considers the factors behind the emergence of that new derivational formant and identifies its usage patterns, including articulatory and semantic motivations. The choice of the suffix helps avoid two types of speech difficulties: consonant cluster accumulation (since it begins with a vowel, cf. vepsyanka vs. vepska) and homonymy between ethnonyms and names of inanimate objects (cf. kitayanka vs. kitayka). The analysis concludes that the rise of such a formant is systemically determined within the framework of its respective derivational category.
The aim of the article is to reveal the interconnection between the motivational component of the meaning of a phraseological unit, which belongs to the connotative aspect of its meaning and demonstrates the interdependence between inner form, image component and motivation. Image component in phraseological unit is often motivated by its inner form. The analysis of inner form allows us to understand how it affects the formation of gender connotations in some cases. Furthermore, to clarify the gender reference of the idiom, the article suggests using dictionary illustrative examples of its usage as typical contexts for its functioning. Phraseological synonyms were selected as the research material, since phraseological synonymic series, while having similar meanings among their terms integrate phraseological units with different image bases. All the studied idioms describe a beautiful and attractive person. The research showed that feminine reference in idioms describing a beautiful woman is determined by the existence of certain images in their inner form.
The article focuses on the recent translation into the Russian of “The Preface to The Dictionary of the English Language” (1755) by Dr. Johnson (1704–1784). The subject of the article is the history of English lexicography. Its object is Johnson’s views on the principles of compiling a dictionary of the English language. The article concludes with defining the scholarly significance of the above-mentioned text as related to the seminal issues of current lexicography.
The paper studies the frequency of expressive modals, which mean ‘categorical affirmation’ (the words sushchii, ehtakii, poistine, formennyi) in the news of 17 official Telegram media channels in Russian. We test the hypothesis whether there is a correlation between the frequency of use of those lexemes and, firstly, the stylistic features of the Telegram channels, and secondly, the frequency of use of parentheses with epistemic modality (konechno ‘of course’, veroyatno ‘probably’, vidimo ‘apparently’, mozhet byt’ ‘maybe’, etc.) in the texts of these channels. We conclude that the rare use of expressive modals in editorial texts may indicate not only the “restrained” style of the media, but also partly their political orientation (all sources that are blocked in Russia rather avoid using such words), while the frequent use of such modals, on the contrary, allows us to assume excessive subjectivity of the source and, as a consequence, its possible manipulative intentions. However, no direct correlation is found with the exceeding or not exceeding expectations of the number of parentheses of (un)certainty in the news of different media.
The work is aimed at describing the nomenclature of expressive means of Orthodox Internet preaching and establishing the specifics in their functioning against the background of classical preaching. The material for the study was the transcription of more than 40 Internet sermons posted on Orthodox websites, channels and video blogs of Orthodox clergy, as well as temple sermons from the author’s library. It is shown that the system of expressive speech tools in Orthodox Internet preaching is based on traditional tropes and figures, such as metaphors, epithets, comparisons, antithesis, repetition, syntactic parallelism, and includes specific elocutionary means – irony and contrasting use in a narrow context of semantically unrelated but stylistically opposed lexical units. The features of the use and function of tropes in online preaching are consistently considered. It is shown that when preaching on the Internet, figurative and conceptual metaphors are used, which act in pragmatic, activation, conceptual and modeling functions. It is demonstrated that the specifics of the epithets functioning lies in the use of superlative, metaphorical and conceptual epithets, the main functions of which are pragmatic, activation and aesthetic. It is found out that comparisons are presented in the Orthodox Internet sermon with their diverse structural variants and perform interpretative and text-forming functions. It is revealed that the use of such a trope as irony, which serves to enhance the impact on listeners and activate their attention, is specific for Internet preaching. It is noted that the use of irony leads to the transformation of the stylistic dominant of the sermon.
The article сonsiders the transformation of the traditional image of the poet in the poetic consciousness of the Anglo-Saxons in the era of the Christianization of England. An attempt is made to identify ideas about the poet and poetry in the Old English poem “Beowulf” using the method of ‘close reading’ of episodes related to poetic art, including linguostylistic analysis of the ways of representing the figure of the narrator in the text. It analyses the formulaic diction and gnomic passages associated with the theme of the feast, on the one hand, and the frailty of the world, on the other. The dual nature of the image of the epic poet is shown, which reveals different aspects of verbal art, combining the features of a singer of tales (‘scop’) and a poet-skald, as well as a Christian preacher.
The article considers the adaptation processes of the dream narrative to the conditions of the digital environment, affecting key cognitive processes: information processing, integration of experience and collective interpretation. The review of texts presented on the sites of various dream forums, resulted in revealing the semantic dominants of the referred type of discourse were identified and in showing the tendencies of speech shifts and transformations in the narrative due to the influence of the digital environment. It is determined that modern dream narratives may include new lexical units related to technology or topical social themes, non-standard grammatical constructions reflecting the fragmentary and irreal nature of dreams, characteristic emotional-evaluative means aimed at compensating non-verbal emotional expression. It is highlighted that those changes reflect the synthesis of traditional mechanisms of meaning-making sensemaking with new digital practices. It is also noted that the combination of tradition and innovation allows the genre to remain relevant, combining the depth of archaic symbols with the dynamics of digital culture.
