The article is concerned with the study of the monument of the king from the XXV dynasty of Piankhy. It is a pillar with inscriptions on 4 sides. In the scientific literature, it is called an obelisk. The present article attempted to point out the circumstances that make it possible to restore its original form, as well as to compare it with Egyptian obelisks. The monument was found outside the archaeological context, so the focus was on the inscriptions that have been preserved on it. The study of these inscriptions showed that the presence of the formula saHa n.f txn, the similarity in the structure of the text, in particular the royal titulature, which are found on Egyptian obelisks, give reason to restore the original form of the Piankhy monument as an obelisk. Analysis of the inscriptions allowed us to identifying common features in comparison with the Egyptian obelisks, and distinctive local features related to the placement of the text and images, as well as the paleographic specifics in the outline of the idiographic hieroglyphic signs.

Ancient historians as a rule didn’t entitle their own works. Those titles appear over time as a result of the work of grammarians or are found as such in the works of authors of later times. First of all that practice could be applied to the works that were written in Greek and native language by early Roman historians. On the basis of the study in the possible titles of those works – historia, annalles, res gestae – the issue of their genre is raised, judging by the content of the terms that denoted those works. Their terminological analysis led to the following conclusions: in the process of the formation of the annalistic narration as a form of account about the past, the “annals” began to be distinguished from the “history” as a work in which events contemporary to the author were represented. On the contrary the content of the term res gestae was close to what the Greeks called historia.

“Foundation of cities” as the case of historical writings was widely spread in Greek speaking area. Based on foundation tales in Herodotus and Thucydides we can realize the composition of such works. Historical models of this kind affected Roman historiography since Fabius Pictor, who took the foundation of Rome as the starting point of native history.

The article deals with a problem what did Fabius Pictor understand as “the foundation of Rome”. Based on the analysis of the sources we came to a conclusion that Fabius Pictor incorporated in Rome’s foundation tale all the legends that reflected the events before and after the foundation itself up to the beginning of the Republic. In this respect the way Fabius understood the concept “the foundation of Rome” differed from that of Dionysius of Halicarnassus who used Fabius’s work as one of his sources.

The article deals with the issue of the Victorian novel in the historical, cultural and genre aspects. There is no single point of view on that phenomenon in the academic literature: some scholars use the term in a chronological sense (Victorian literature referring to the era of the reign of Queen Victoria [1837–1901]); others synonymously use the concepts of “Victorian” and “realistic”; some try to identify the specifics of the phenomenon through non-literary factors (attitude to social issues, philosophical context, etc.). Such approaches, for all their validity, do not clarify the nature of the Victorian novel as a whole. The author of the article hypothesizes that the Victorian novel is a sub-genre of the classic 19th centurynovel, and the following can be distinguished as its distinctive features: attention is focused on the action (plot), and not on the character; social issues are subordinate to the action; the presence of a marriage plot and a happy ending. The above characteristics being not comprehensive, allow outlining further prospects for the study of the Victorian novel as a genre. It is also important to identify and formulate the genre originality of the Victorian novel in the aspect of studying its Russian reception, because otherwise such a comparative study will not have specifics.

The article examines the formation of the image of the Victorian novel in the journal “Vestnik Evropy” of the 1870s on the basis of critical responses to current publications. The magazine presents a fairly representative picture of modern English literature, covering both the writers of the “first” literary row (A. Trollope, G. Eliot), and the authors of popular fiction (W. Collins, M. Braddon, R. Boughton, etc.). Critical reviews often show a certain subjectivity (A.-A. Renyard), but, as a rule, they are characterized by an attempt to comprehensively describe the modern novel as a phenomenon. It is considered and evaluated from the point of view of compliance with the principles of realistic poetics with attention to social issues. Not surprisingly, the preference is given to A. Trollope and G. Eliot, while the “sensational” novel causes difficulties: critics either put it low because of its focus on external entertainment (L.A. Polonsky), or try to find worthy features in it, such as an interest in acute social issues (N.A. Tal’). The author of the article comes to the conclusion that literary criticism notices the complexity and heterogeneity of the Victorian novel (without using such a notion), but when analyzing it, he rather tries to fit the phenomenon under consideration into a predetermined paradigm, which can not but lead to simplification.

Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl is known as a lexicographer, military doctor, ethnographer, folklorist and writer. In the context of Russian-Oriental literary ties, the work of V.I. Dahl attracts the attention of researchers by oriental motives, which are known to a narrow circle of researchers and readers. And therefore, the purpose of the article is to give an idea of manifesting the orientalism specifics in V.I. Dahl works. Pictures of the Orient history are presented in V.I. Dahl works, acquainting Russian reader with Tatars, Bashkirs and Kazakhs folklore and ethnography. These oriental works can be loosely divided into following groups: scientific works, oriental parables, oriental stories, and works about historical figures. The first group includes works of an ethnographic nature. Russian reader was enriched with scientific information, information on the Oriental people’s life through the eyes of a Russian prisoner or from the words of Asia people. Another group includes oriental parables. Analysis of V.I. Dahl works from the cycle “Oriental parables and fairy tales” allowed to refer the parables “Soleiman and the owl”, “Soleiman and the crow”, “Caliph painter” to the moralizing ones and the parables “Gallas – teacher and student”, “Padishah’s dream”, “The Thief and the Concealer”, “Sheikh Najmuddin” to the religious. From a wide range of V.I. Dahl works on oriental motives the literary criticism studied works related to the genre of oriental stories, for instance “Sheep”, “The Tale of Princess Milonega...”. Oriental material associated with historical figures – “The Life of Dzhingizkhan” (1843), “The Story of Aksak-Timur” (1838) is based on the life and activities of a historical person. Such works are based on documentary works (contemporaries of the described one) or on the oriental folk tales and legends. The basis of the works is historical events, interspersed with “fabulous legends” and decorated with “extravagance”.

The reason for Dahl’s appeal to oriental themes is banally simple: it is impermissible not to know and it is shameful to neglect the literature of the Asian peoples of the Russian Empire.

In recent times, in the context of the contemporary anthropocentric linguistics, when the study of the pragmatic aspect of the language system functioning becomes particularly relevant, many linguists turned to an issue of particles that are the universal explicators of the semantic and pragmatic meanings (refer to works of A. Wierzbicka, T.M. Nikolaeva, I.M. Boguslavskiy, V. Gast and many others). Despite very active and rather fruitful studying of particles, that for a long time had remained on the periphery of research interests, a whole set of their categorical features has been under investigated. Our article is devoted to the functioning of the particle dazhe [даже “even”] in the affirmative and negative contexts. As an example of research language material, we constructed several sentences representing the basic syntactic structures of the analyzed utterances, and many examples from the main corpus of the electronic resource “Russian National Corpus”. The main purpose of the article is to study semantic and pragmatic implicatures that are included in the semantics of the particle dazhe, and their modifications, including those arising under the influence of negation. Moreover, we dispute the opinion of I.M. Boguslavsky on the need to remove the scalar implicature from the interpretation of that particle, to which he came because of the insufficiently strict separation of the two scales in the double scalar implicature. The methods of conducting the research were 1) the analysis of the semantic and pragmatic presuppositions and implicatures generated by dazhe in the affirmative utterances and negative utterances utterances with negation as a result of interaction of the semantics of the particle and negation; 2) the analysis of dazhe’s functioning in the gradational constructions; 3) the comparative analysis of its functioning in the contexts of neutral and contrastive negation that enables to reveal the specifics of the double scalar implicature and that of unexpectedness, which are the components of the semantic and pragmatic structure of the particle in question.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive description of an issue related to the complex sentence with adverbial clause of place in Russian syntax. There isn’t unanimous opinion regarding the classification of complex sentences in modern Russian language. The term “subordinate clause” was used in the works of AH. Vostokov and N.I. Grech in the 19th century. Later, a classification, close to the present day, including additional (explanatory), attributive and adverbial clauses was proposed by I.I. Davidov. Owing to the works of F.I. Buslaev, the issue was developed further. Attempts to classify adverbial clauses belong to him. It is necessary to highlight A.M. Peshkovsky, V.A. Beloshapkov, V.V. Babaytsev and L.Yu. Maximov among the grammarians considering subordinate clauses. The structural-semantic principle in considering subordinate clauses was used by S.E. Kryuchkov and L.Yu. Maksimov. That principle (in contrast to the functional-semantic one) allows more comprehensive characterizing the sentence, since it considers the way the sentence is attached, while taking into account the semantic relations of the two parts of a complex sentence. The object of research is the analyzing of the functional and semantic types of complex sentences with the adverbial clause of place in modern Russian language on the material of Russian writers’ works.

The paper considers the main trends in the development of the modern world and modern Internet communication, as well as the impact of those changes on the today student. So there is a need to reconsider the methodology of teaching Russian as foreign language at the university. Therefore, the educational process should be built in terms of educational value for the learners. The purpose of such learning is to provide students with the skills that will be essential in specific life situations and work. The author offers his own vision of the organization of classes in Russian as foreign language, based on the development of practical skills needed in modern world.

The article is concerned with teaching the foreign language speech for students of non-linguistic specialties in the context of the problem-axiological approach to teaching Russian as a foreign language. The author substantiates a practical value of the problem-based learning, which contributes to ensuring active speech practice of students, and also justifies the need of developing not only subject knowledge, communicative competence, but also the formation of spiritual and moral values. The attention is drawn toward the text-centric approach to the study of professionally oriented texts with the further formation of speaking as a type of speech behavior at the post-text stage. Concrete examples of tasks are given that provide an opportunity to increase the motivation of students of technical specialties, enrich their background knowledge, which also leads to the development of socio-cultural competence.

This article is concerned with translatability and non-translatability of stylistic techniques, in particular, the issues of the reproduction of Tajik antithesis constructions in Russian, as one of the most popular figures of contrast. The topic, according to the author, is very relevant, because at the present stage of its development, Tajik science does not have research that is somehow related to the antithesis as a linguistic concept. Based on a large material of samples of the antithesis expressions drawn from modern Tajik short prose, the author attempts a comparative analysis of the original and translated texts, while identifying cases of using translation transformations and the degree of stylistic adequacy of translation.

The article is concerned with the foreign origin neologisms that have become part of the social and political vocabulary of Japanese in the last 10 years. Author studied new words and phrases that emerged under the influence of the English language; 100 neologisms were selected for the study. The article analyzes the 20 most frequently encountered words and phrases for significant events in the social and political life of Japan. The analyzed neologisms have been widely used in publications and press in recent years. Among the sources studied, one can single out both neologisms of exclusively foreign origin, which are a combination of kango (words of Chinese origin), and borrowings from foreign languages both in a full form or abbreviations.

The study paid particular attention to neologisms that emerged under the influence of the political processes in Japan and the United States during the presidency of Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States. The study analyzed and identified the relationship between the economic and cultural influences of the United States on Japan and the large-scale processes of Americanization of the Japanese language. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of political processes and, as a consequence, the reforms of the social and working life of Japanese society and the emergence of neologisms due to this influence.